Revised July 8, 2010 Dr. Walt Volland all rights reserved

1.	What is the easiest way to determine the charge on the cation formed by a metal? Why do calcium and magnesium form a +2 cation instead of +3 ion? Why does chlorine, Cl, form a -1 anion and not a -2 anion?

2.	Predict, write and name the formula units for the compounds formed by the ion pairs listed below?

 

Fe3+ with Cl1-

Ca2+ with PO43-

NH4+ with SO42-

Fe2+ with Cl1-

Ca2+ with HCO31-

NH4+ with CO32-

Zn2+ with Cl1-

Ba2+ with NO31-

Al3+ with HPO42-

Cu2+ with F1-

Ca2+ with OH1-

K+ with SO32-

3.	Draw the electron dot structures for the following atoms and ions. How do you know the number of additional electron dots needed to convert an atom like sulfur (S) to an anion like sulfide, S2-?

 

F1-

OH1-

K+

Br1-

Ba

O

NO31-

Ne

H1

4.	Explain why all hydrogen containing compounds are not acids like HCl(aq). What happens in a solution of a strong acid like HCl(aq) that makes the mixture acidic? What happens when water and ethanol, CH3CH2OH, are mixed?

5.	What happens when NaOH(s) is dissolved in water? What ions are formed in the solution? Tell whether the solution is acidic or basic.

6.	What is the octet rule? Tell how the octet rule relates to the subshells in an atom. Why do you suppose hydrogen does not follow the octet rule? Do the atoms in row three, Na through Cl, always follow the octet rule? Does sulfur follow the octet rule when it forms the sulfide anion, S2-?

7.	Why is the charge on a chloride ion a minus one even though the chlorine atom gains an electron to form the ion?