Chemistry & matter: Chemistry is the science of matter. This means chemistry includes the study of the physical and chemical behaviour of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. In simpler terms, matter consists of some "stuff" with volume and mass. It is essentially anything you can directly or indirectly touch, see, feel, taste, or smell. Touching can be done when checking hardness with is sometimes done with elaborate tools like scanning tunneling microscopes.

Properties: A property is any characteristic that can be used to describe or identify something. Properties can be either physical or chemical.

Water solubility is a physical property. Other physical properties are viscosity, hardness, color, density, melting point, boiling point, odor ductility.

Physical properties: Water solubility is a physical property. Other physical properties are viscosity, hardness, color, density, melting point, boiling point, odor ductility, specific heat, refractive index, reflectivity. The physical properties are measured or observed without changing the identity of the substance or amount of matter in the object.

When sugar dissolves in water the sugar particles (molecules) are simply separated from one another. The water molecules surround the sugar particles. The sugar and water retain their individual structure. If you boil off the water, the sugar can be recovered. These mechanical physical changes are reversible. One physical change can undo another.

Chemical properties: Reactivity is only chemical property. This is measured by measuring how a material interacts with other substances such as oxygen.  Materials react to form oxides like carbon to form carbon dioxide, CO₂, or carbon monoxide, CO.